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Objective@#To investigate the risk factors for yersiniosis, so as to provide insights into prevention of yersiniosis.@*Methods@#The patients with yersiniosis admitted to the clinics in the surveillance site of Chengbei Township of Jin'an District and Chengnan Township of Yu'an District in Lu'an City from 2013 to 2021 were included as the case group, and the healthy family members matched to cases were selected as the family control group, while normal residents with a 1︰2 match in the same village, gender, and age difference within 5 years were included in the community control group. Participants' demographics, hand-washing and eating habits, living environment hygiene, poultry and livestock feeding were collected using questionnaire surveys, and factors affecting yersiniosis were identified using a multivariable conditional logistic regression model.@*Results@#There were 43 cases in the case group, with a median (interquartile range) age of 45 (34) years, 91 cases in the family control group, with a median (interquartile range) age of 36 (36) years and 86 cases in the community control group, with a median (interquartile range) age of 46 (34) years. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the family control group, the habit of drinking unboiled water (OR=6.721, 95%CI: 1.765-25.588), and direct consumption of food stored in the refrigerator (OR=7.089, 95%CI: 1.873-26.829) were risk factors for yersiniosis in the case group; and compared with the community control group, not washing hands after contacting with poultry and livestock (OR=50.592, 95%CI: 2.758-927.997), habit of eating raw vegetables and fruits (OR=5.340, 95%CI: 1.022-27.887), direct consumption of food stored in the refrigerator (OR=19.973, 95%CI: 2.118-188.336), and unclean refrigerator (OR=12.692, 95%CI: 1.992-80.869) were risk factors for yersiniosis in the case group. Compared with the family and community control groups, not washing hands after contacting with poultry and livestock (OR=4.075, 95%CI: 1.427-11.637), habit of drinking unboiled water (OR=4.153, 95%CI: 1.331-12.957), habit of eating raw vegetables and fruits (OR=4.744, 95%CI: 1.609-13.993), and direct consumption of food stored in the refrigerator (OR=5.051, 95%CI: 1.773-14.395) were risk factors for yersiniosis in the control group.@*Conclusion@#Unhealthy habits such as eating raw vegetables and fruits, drinking unboiled water, direct consumption of food stored in the refrigerator, unclean refrigerator, and not washing hands after contacting poultry and livestock may increase the risk of yersiniosis.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the relationship between visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) and vascular endothelial function in a cohort of elderly hypertensive patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 174 elderly patients with essential hypertension were included in the study. The participants had their office BP measured during the 12-month follow-up. Right brachial artery diameter was assessed at rest, during reactive hyperemia (flow-mediated dilation, FMD), and after nitroglycerin administration (nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, NMD). The participants were divided into two groups according to FMD% or FMD/NMD ratio. The correlations between BPV and endothelial function were analyzed by univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The participants classified as having a decreased endothelial function according to FMD/NMD ratio had significantly lower FMD% and higher BPV and NMD% (P<0.05). The percentage of CCBs use in normal endothelial function group was significantly higher than that in decreased endothelial function group (79.55% vs 63.95%, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between FMD/NMD ratio and BPV, and this association remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, and mean BP levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FMD/NMD ratio is a better marker of endothelial function than FMD, and an increased visit-to-visit variability of BP is associated with a decreased endothelial function.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Blood Pressure , Brachial Artery , Endothelium, Vascular , Essential Hypertension , Hypertension , Multivariate Analysis , Nitroglycerin , Regression Analysis , VasodilationABSTRACT
To push on the process of the effective link between graduate education for profes-sional master degree of oral medicine and resident standardized training, a professional curricular con-struction was explored. The system contents included drawing up teaching program, writing reference books and building examination question bank. To realize the objective that combine theory study and clinical practice for graduate education and resident standardized training, the main courses were des-ignated for base professional knowledge, clinical operative skills and research progresses of oral medi-cine, by making multimedia courseware and lectures video frequency.
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BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite has favorable biocompatibility, can protect pulp tissue and promote the formation of osteoid dentin and the concrescence of pulp tissue. However, hydroxyapatite has no capability of anti-infection. Increasing scholars deem that antibacterials should be added with the hydroxyapatite during the treatment of vital pulp conservation to elevate curative effects.OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effects of self-solidifying hydroxyapatite/norvancomycin composite as pulp capping material and to make a comparison with calcium hydroxide.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The present randomized controlled observation experiment was performed at the General Dental Clinic, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College between January 2004 and June 2005.PARTICIPANTS AND MATERIALS: A total of 60 patients (60 teeth) that suffered from deep caries or pulp exposure, could return visit on time, and agreed to sign informed consents were selected for this study. These patients comprised of 28 males and 32 females, aged 9-40 years. Diagnosis criteria: Teeth with food impaction pain and/or caloric stimulation pain which can relieve after stimulation removal; in addition, with no spontaneous pain, radiating pain, and hypnalgia. Self-solidifying hydroxyapatite/2.5% norvancomycin composite were prepared in the Department of Dental Material, Shanghai Second Hospital. Self-hardening calcium hydroxide was provided by Dentsply Company, USA.METHODS: All 60 patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 30 patients (30 teeth) per group. Self-solidifying hydroxyapatite/2.5% norvancomycin composite and self-hardening calcium hydroxide were applied as pulp capping agents in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Pulpal tissue reactions were assessed after 8 weeks. Teeth with normal response were restored permanently, and the others were given root canal treatment.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pulpal tissue reaction of patients.RESULTS: In the experimental group, one case showed vague pain after 1-week pulp capping and received root canal therapy, with success rate of 97%. In the control group, two cases presented with vague pain after 3-day and 1-week pulp capping, respectively, and also received root canal therapy, with success rate of 93%.CONCLUSION: Self-solidifying hydroxyapatite/norvancomycin composite acquires a high success rate of pulp capping, with curative effects similar to calcium hydroxide, it is a good pulp capping agent for vital pulp preservation.